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- Adélard Fontaine (1892–1967), Liberal party member of the Canadian House of Commons
- Anne Fontaine, filmmaker.
- Anne Fontaine (designer) (born 1971), Paris-based fashion designer
- Arturo Fontaine Talavera (born 1952), Chilean writer and political philosopher
- Audrey Fontaine (born 1992), a French badminton player
- Bertha V. Fontaine (1929–1986), American home economist
- Brigitte Fontaine (born 1939), a French singer and musician
- Carole R. Fontaine (born 1950), American biblical scholar
- Chris Fontaine (born 1981), American professional stock car racing driver
- Claudia Fontaine, British backing singer
- Cynthia Lee Fontaine, Puerto Rican drag queen
- Del Fontaine, Canadian boxer executed for murder
- Dick Fontaine, an English documentary filmmaker
- Eddie Fontaine, American actor and rockabilly singer
- Eva Fontaine (born 1974), a British actress
- Fontaine (singer), American singer, songwriter, guitarist and photographer
- Francis Fontaine (1845–1901), American poet and novelist
- Frank Fontaine, American comedian and singer
- Gabriel Fontaine (born 1940), a Canadian politician
- Godfrey of Fontaines, medieval philosopher
- Henri Fontaine (1924–2020), French Roman Catholic missionary
- Hippolyte Fontaine (1833–1910), a French engineer, developer of dinamo
- Isaac Fontaine (born 1975), American former professional basketball player
- Jacquelynne Fontaine (born 1982), American opera singer, actress, Miss California 2006
- James Fontaine (1757–1790), US Major during American Revolutionary War
- Jean Fontaine (1936–2021), French writer and theologian
- Jean-Marc Fontaine (1944–2019), French mathematician
- Jerry Fontaine, Canadian politician
- Joan Fontaine (1917−2013), British American actress
- John Fontaine (1792–1866), the first mayor of Columbus, Georgia, from 1836 to 1837
- Joseph-Éloi Fontaine (1865–1930), physician and political figure in Quebec
- Juan Andrés Fontaine (born 1954), Chilean Minister for the Economy, Development, and Reconstruction and Minister of Pulbic Works in the 2010s
- Just Fontaine (1933–2023), French football player
- Justin Fontaine (hockey player) (born 1987), Canadian professional ice hockey player
- Lamar Fontaine (1829–1921), American military veteran, surveyor, poet and author
- Phil Fontaine, Aboriginal Canadian leader
- Len Fontaine (1948–2019), a Canadian who played professional hockey in the United States
- Liam Fontaine, English football player
- Lilian Fontaine (1886–1975), British actress
- Louis Fontaine (1882–1960), an American racecar driver
- Madeline Fontaine, a French costumer designer
- Matthew Fontaine Maury (1806–1873), an American astronomer, US Navy officer, historian
- Maurice Fontaine (1919–2015), a French politician
- Michel Fontaine (born 1934), a French sports shooter
- Nasio Fontaine, reggae artist from the Commonwealth of Dominica
- Nicolas Fontaine (born 1970), a Canadian freestyle skier
- Nicole Fontaine, French politician
- Nora Fontaine Davidson (1836–1929), American schoolteacher, inspired US Memorial Day
- Oliver W. Fontaine (born 1900), American architect
- Pamela Fontaine (born 1964), an American Paralympic table tennis player
- Paul Fontaine, American painter
- Peter Fontaine (1691–1797), English noble clergyman
- Pierre Fontaine (composer) (c. 1380–1450), French composer
- Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine, architect
- Raymond Fontaine (born 1980), former professional Canadian football linebacker
- René Fontaine, Canadian politician
- Richard Maury (1882–1950), American naturalized Argentine engineer
- Robert Fontaine (born 1980), French chess grandmaster
- Scott Fontaine, American journalist and reporter
- Serge Fontaine (born 1947), a Canadian politician
- Stéphane Fontaine, French cinematographer
- Tina Fontaine (1999–2014), Canadian murder victim
- William Fontaine (1909–1968), an American philosopher
- Yvonne Fontaine (1913–1996), French worker of Special Operations Executive